Staphylococcus scarlet fever B06.8

Rare, exanthematic infectious disease, especially in children, which is caused by the staphylococcal toxins SEB, SEA, SEG, SEI, TSST-1

Infection with Staph. aureus, usually phage type 71, whose enterotoxins (SEB, SEA, SEG, SEI, TSST-1) cause the typical exfoliative skin lesions. The disease has been described in connection with otitis media or purulent pharyngitis (Mun SJ et al. 2019; Andrey DO et al. 2015; Lu YC et al. 2011). Furthermore, staphylogenic infections after insect bites, after intra-articular injections or bursitis can be causative.

Note: Staphylococcal enterotoxins are proteins with different biochemical effects. In addition to the 5 classical, main serological enterotoxins, more than 20 SE types are known. These are relatively stable to heat and similar in their molecular structure (see exfoliatins below).

In Staphylococcus scarlet fever in older children the exfoliative skin changes of the "staphylogenic lyell" remain in the stage of exanthema. This may be due to partial immunity to protective anti-epidermolysin antibodies.

Affected are mainly children with an age peak around the age of 3 years. Only rarely are adults affected (Mun SJ et al. 2019)

Staphylogenic scarlet fever (SSF), also known as non-menstrual staphylogenic toxin shock syndrome, differs from staphylogenic toxin shock syndrome (STSS) in that it is caused by a variety of very different factors. TSST-1 is the triggering erythrogenic toxin in only 50% of cases.

Furthermore, it must be delimited:

• Measles
• Scarlet fever
• Echo virus exanthema
• Rubella
• Drug exanthema.

The disease is considered a (non-menstrual) minus variant of STSS (Godoy Gijón E et al. 2010).

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